<scp>High?resolution</scp> climate characteristics of the Arabian Gulf based on a validated regional reanalysis

The regional climate of the Arabian Gulf (AG) and its variability are examined based on a 40-year (1980–2019), 5-km reanalysis Peninsula (AP reanalysis). AP fields were first validated against available observations over AG, suggesting that this high-resolution well reproduces spatio-temporal features AG atmospheric circulations. then analysed to examine climatic characteristics including monthly mean, maximum minimum temperatures, seasonal variations in winds, relative humidity rainfall AG. is mostly dry between May October, experiences moderate December January. higher (lower) pressure difference northwest southeast during summer (winter) generates northwesterly Shamal winds north (central) mean relatively stronger (weaker) prolonged (shorter) (winter); however, short lived jet events winter can be occasionally than summer. In terms interannual variability, more persistent El Niño years La Niña years. These differences mainly associated with changes temperature gradients eastern northwestern AP.